Based on the Abstract, this research is all about estimated CO2 emissions.
But last I heard, the most important effect of aviation is the extremely-short-term greenhouse effect: Contrails are thin, high-altitude clouds, which retain heat. And when all air travel was shut down for 4 days after the 9/11 attacks, the effect was both immediate and obvious - a multiple-degree drop in overnight temperatures in parts of the US with clear skies.
In fact, the effect you describe is very complex, so there is a whole open source project that allows you to evaluate the actual contrail climate impact for each individual flight: https://github.com/contrailcirrus/pycontrails
But last I heard, the most important effect of aviation is the extremely-short-term greenhouse effect: Contrails are thin, high-altitude clouds, which retain heat. And when all air travel was shut down for 4 days after the 9/11 attacks, the effect was both immediate and obvious - a multiple-degree drop in overnight temperatures in parts of the US with clear skies.